|
The state of Greater Lebanon, the predecessor of modern Lebanon, was created in 1920. The French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given Palestine and Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria and Lebanon . On September 1, 1920, General Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of State of Greater Lebanon ((アラビア語:دولة لبنان الكبير) '; (フランス語:État du Grand Liban)) with its present boundaries after splitting few Syrian villages on the southern and western borders with Lebanon and adding them to Lebanon and with Beirut as its capital.〔http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+lb0028)〕 The new territory was granted a flag, merging the French flag with the Lebanese cedar. ==Background== The name ''Greater Lebanon'' refers to the incorporation of the former Ottoman districts of Tripoli and Sidon as well as the Bekaa Valley to the existing former autonomous region of the Mutasarrifate of Mount Lebanon, which had been established in 1861 to protect the local Christian population. On October 27, 1919, the Lebanese delegation led by Maronite Patriarch Elias Peter Hoayek presented the Lebanese aspirations in a memorandum to the Paris Peace Conference. This included the extension of the frontiers of Lebanon to include the districts of Akkar and Beqaa. These districts were argued to be natural parts of Lebanon, but had been administratively separated by the Ottoman rule. Following the peace conference, the French were awarded the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, under which the definition of Lebanon was still to be set by the French. On August 24, 1920, following the Franco-Syrian War, French Prime Minister Alexandre Millerand wrote to Archbishop Khoury: "Your country's claims on the Bekaa, that you have recalled for me, have been granted. On instructions from the French government, General Gouraud has proclaimed at Zahle's Grand Kadri Hotel, the incorporation into Lebanon of the territory that extends up to the summit of the Anti-Lebanon range and of Hermon. This is the Greater Lebanon that France wishes to form to assure your country of its natural borders." Lebanon gained its independence in 1943 and the French left the country in 1946. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Greater Lebanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|